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Differences in the behaviour of urban and rural populations of mammals
Kučerová, Nikola ; Štolhoferová, Iveta (advisor) ; Sedláček, Ondřej (referee)
My bachelor thesis deals with the differences in the behavior of mammals, especially carnivores, primates, and rodents living in urban environments and their rural dwelling relatives. Human-induced landscape change often results in fragmentation and decline in the populations of animals living there. However, it can also contribute to the emergence of various new traits that might help the species successfully inhabit the environment affected by humans and their activity. The aim of this thesis is to determine whether populations of urban and rural mammals differ, especially regarding their activity, aggression, boldness, and exploration. To do so, I will focus on comparison of behavior of urban and rural populations of the same species.
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Podobnostní vyhledávání obrázků na webu
Grošup, Tomáš ; Lokoč, Jakub (advisor) ; Hoksza, David (referee)
The subject of this bachelor thesis is to design and create a web portal, enabling efficient indexing and content-based searching of images obtained from various free image databases (e.g., results from a keyword-based search engine). The portal provides fast feature extraction technique and for the visual similarity, the signature quadratic form distance is utilized. The search supports various user settings and comparison of their results. Search results can also be presented using a layout based on particle physics, which supports exploration and multi-query.
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Substance use among people with hearing disability: exploration and cerrelation probe
Postránecká, Zuzana ; Vacek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Janíková, Barbara (referee)
Although there are about 500 000 of people with hearing impairment in Czech republic, a risk group of substance abuse due to determinants of this impairment, there are distinctive lack of studies focused on this theme in our state. There are few foreign studies offering some results, overall interest is still slender in this issue. This work was aimed to define the basic terms and briefly describe difficulties of hearing impairment, psychological aspects and patterns of drug use in hearing impaired population due to available resources and exploration and correlation questionnaire study. The study had a questionnaire form and was spread by snow ball method in first stage, through 8 basic subjects on social network called facebook.com and other forms of mass communication. In the second stage we used a purposeful selection at two schools for the hearing impaired in Prague. Participants were indviduals with more than 20 dB hearing loss (includes) in both cases. The participation was no age or locally restricted. The result of theoretical and practical part is a fact, that drug using in hearing impaired population is on the same or maybe even higher level like in intact population. Due to this fact and communication barriers of hearing impaired individuals, it is required to involve a specialized...
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Factors influencing variability i behaviour towards novel and aposematic prey in tits (Paridae)
Adamová, Dana
Inter-specific and intra-specific variation in reactions towards novel and aposematic prey was found in several species of tits (Paridae). This Ph.D. thesis is focusing on various factors influencing reactions towards novel and aposematic prey in three European species of tits. We tested differences in exploration behaviour, neophobia, dietary conservatism, personality, age and experience as well as ability of avoidance learning and generalisation. We found no difference in exploration behaviour and in reaction towards novel prey in two different populations of great tits (Parus major). But the birds from the Finnish population were more neophobic than Czech birds, but they attacked aposematic firebug (Pyrrhocoris apterus) more often and faster than Czech birds. The difference can be explained by a different experience with local aposematic prey communities. Than we studied initial wariness in naive juveniles of great tits (P. major), coal tits (Periparus ater) and blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus), and we tested how the initial wariness towards novel and aposematic prey can be deactivated by experience with palatable prey. Great tits and coal tits from experienced groups significantly decreased their neophobia towards both types of prey while blue tits did not change their strongly neophobic...
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Landscaping and other limits. (The Prehension of the landscape in the Art and Art Education throught exploration of the fine art)
Zástěrová, Alena ; Velíšek, Martin (advisor) ; Daniel, Ladislav (referee)
/ a b s t r a c t This thesis deals with the environment of the landscape in connection to movements of the body and of the mind which result in an art gesture. It closely focuses on an individual experience of a landscape as a unique environment. It explains concepts and speculates about their meanings. Through interviews, the thesis presents different approaches to art from plethora of artists, who work in and with the landscape. It deals with a didactic project which aspires to inspire students to think more deeply about the environment that surrounds them and to communicate their understanding o fit through art. Personal artworks created in Finland in the Arctic Circle region capture motion in the landscape of the nature and that of the mind.
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Content-based exploration of unstructured data
Čech, Přemysl ; Lokoč, Jakub (advisor) ; Barthel, Kai Uwe (referee) ; Gudmundsson, Gylfi Thor (referee)
Effective analysis, searching and browsing throughout arbitrary multimedia collections is still a challenging task. To perform a search among multimedia objects, first, a similarity model has to be defined. Such a model establishes methods describing how the content of individual objects is processed and how key features and descriptors, that are used for modeling similarity between objects, are formed. This task is not trivial since there can be many ways of determining how to comprehend the content of multimedia data. Furthermore, with the growing size of contemporary database collections, multimedia retrieval and exploration are extremely computationally intensive. Hence, researchers investigate support indexing structures that can evaluate similarity queries and can respond to user's queries in almost real-time even on datasets counting billions of objects. Another very important aspect of a retrieval system is the user interface for defining queries as well as presenting retrieved results. A multimedia system should offer various inputs for formulating user's queries, especially for situations in which a user cannot provide an ideal query example. Finally, a well- arranged and easy to read interface for visualization of retrieved results is essential for the success of a multimedia exploration and...
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Methods of Multi-Modal Data Exploration
Grošup, Tomáš ; Skopal, Tomáš (advisor) ; Schöffmann, Klaus (referee) ; Dohnal, Vlastislav (referee)
Digitalization throughout the industry leads to rapidly increasing amounts of data captured and stored which brings forth challenges for indexing and ac- cessing large digital repositories. Very often, the data takes form of complex multi-part entities, such as images with relational attributes, photos with ge- ographical coordinates or textual posts with multimedia content and implicit social relationships. The complexity of such entities and lack of fixed struc- ture makes it impossible to use classical information retrieval methods based on attribute filtering, ranking or grouping, as it is not easy or sometimes even possible to define an exact query. In this thesis, we target data exploration as an act of exploring an unfamiliar area via a series of intuitive, effective and efficient system-supported steps. We present methodologies, demo applications and evaluation results targeting different data sources of multimedia data. Fur- thermore, we focus on the ability to utilize multiple modalities within a single session and on integrating the results into widely used software solutions.
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Effective visualization for interactive video exploration
Pavlovský, Jan ; Lokoč, Jakub (advisor) ; Grošup, Tomáš (referee)
In this thesis we introduce an innovative approach to visualisation and search results presentation for large video collection search and browsing. The general problem of video search is analysed and discussed in comparison with other current software tools and methods used for video search. A specific visualisa- tion method and algorithm for its generation is then proposed and discussed. We evaluated the methods both, empirically and by a user study. Based on the results, we chose the best possible algorithm settings for interactive video search and applied them. A simple experimental software tool implementing the proposed methods is developed focusing on the visualisation components. 1
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Factors influencing variability i behaviour towards novel and aposematic prey in tits (Paridae)
Adamová, Dana
Inter-specific and intra-specific variation in reactions towards novel and aposematic prey was found in several species of tits (Paridae). This Ph.D. thesis is focusing on various factors influencing reactions towards novel and aposematic prey in three European species of tits. We tested differences in exploration behaviour, neophobia, dietary conservatism, personality, age and experience as well as ability of avoidance learning and generalisation. We found no difference in exploration behaviour and in reaction towards novel prey in two different populations of great tits (Parus major). But the birds from the Finnish population were more neophobic than Czech birds, but they attacked aposematic firebug (Pyrrhocoris apterus) more often and faster than Czech birds. The difference can be explained by a different experience with local aposematic prey communities. Than we studied initial wariness in naive juveniles of great tits (P. major), coal tits (Periparus ater) and blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus), and we tested how the initial wariness towards novel and aposematic prey can be deactivated by experience with palatable prey. Great tits and coal tits from experienced groups significantly decreased their neophobia towards both types of prey while blue tits did not change their strongly neophobic...
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Factors influencing variability i behaviour towards novel and aposematic prey in tits (Paridae)
Adamová, Dana ; Exnerová, Alice (advisor) ; Sedláček, František (referee) ; Šálek, Miroslav (referee)
Inter-specific and intra-specific variation in reactions towards novel and aposematic prey was found in several species of tits (Paridae). This Ph.D. thesis is focusing on various factors influencing reactions towards novel and aposematic prey in three European species of tits. We tested differences in exploration behaviour, neophobia, dietary conservatism, personality, age and experience as well as ability of avoidance learning and generalisation. We found no difference in exploration behaviour and in reaction towards novel prey in two different populations of great tits (Parus major). But the birds from the Finnish population were more neophobic than Czech birds, but they attacked aposematic firebug (Pyrrhocoris apterus) more often and faster than Czech birds. The difference can be explained by a different experience with local aposematic prey communities. Than we studied initial wariness in naive juveniles of great tits (P. major), coal tits (Periparus ater) and blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus), and we tested how the initial wariness towards novel and aposematic prey can be deactivated by experience with palatable prey. Great tits and coal tits from experienced groups significantly decreased their neophobia towards both types of prey while blue tits did not change their strongly neophobic...
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